ALL OTHER INGREDIENTS

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (EWG Rating: 1)
Derived from coconut oil and glycerin, it is non-sensitizing andconsidered an excellent emollient and skin repairing ingredient. This is due to the mix of fatty acids that the skin can use to repair its surface and resist moisture loss.

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Wax (EWG Rating: 1)
An emollient and skin conditioner, it is known for its skin smoothing qualities and is considered non comedogenic (doesn’t clog pores). It is also used as a thickener and to improve oil binding, emolliency, film formation and lubricity to cold processed formulas.

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice (EWG Rating: 1)
Aloe plays a role in binding moisture to skin. It is a clear gel-like substance found in the inner part of the leaf of the Aloe plant. Traditionally it is used for its soothing, healing and moisturizing properties.

Sodium Polyacrylate (EWG Rating: 1)
A versatile polymer that is used as an emulsion stabilizer and emollient in cold processing formulations. It achieves light texture and good spreadability.

Glycerin (EWG Rating: 1)
A humectant that works to moisturize the skin by drawing water from the air into the skin's outer layer. When combined with other occlusive agents it also forms a protective layer that helps prevent moisture loss and prevent dryness and scaling.

Sodium Hyaluronate (EWG Rating: 1)
Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid is found naturally in the fluid that bathes human joints, in the vitreous humor of the eye and in the skin. It is abundant in the dermis of young skin, but levels of this important compound decline with age making the skin look older. It is a powerful humectant that attracts and holds on to water, making it the ultimate skin moisturizer. This helps to hydrate skin and keep it moist and supple but also causes a slight swelling. This swelling helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and gives the skin a more youthful appearance. It is non-irritating to skin and is usually well tolerated even by people with sensitive skin.

Ferulic Acid (EWG Rating: 1)
Extracted from Rice Bran Oil, in vivo testing has shown it to be highly effective as a topical antioxidant. Many plants contain Ferulic acid, which plays a key role in the plants self preservation mechanism, re-enforcing its cellular wall strength and protecting it from microbial damage and sun damage. Comparable to Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Ferulic Acid may help to prevent the propagation of the free radical chain. It stabilizes a solution of Vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of the skin.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) (EWG Rating: 1)
A form of Vitamin B3, it offers multiple benefits to the skin, including being effective in treating skin aging, dryness, acne, rosacea, uneven skin tone and skin cancer. Multiple clinical studies have shown improvement to fine lines and wrinkles, hyperpigmented spots, red blotchiness (rosacea), skin sallowness (yellowing) and elasticity. One study showed niacinamide to increase the skin's production of ceramides, which are natural emollients and skin protectants, therefore improving skin hydration. It has a clear role in the management of acne, by reducing sebum production. Most importantly, Niacinamide has been shown to reduce the risk of skin cancer by enhancing the repair of UV damaged DNA and reducing UV-induced immune suppression, a leading cause of skin cancer.

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (EWG Rating: 1)
Vitamin C has been proven to be effective in protecting against photoaging of the skin and is one of the mainstay ingredients of antiaging cosmeceuticals. This is a stable oil soluble form of Vitamin C. It helps to reduce melatonin production (skin lightening effect), and to help repair the effects of sun exposure and other environmental harm. Exposure to UV light has also shown to decrease the naturally occurring Vitamin C levels in the skin, so topical application of Vitamin C restores these photoprotectant levels. Because it is lipid soluble (fat soluble) it is able to penetrate the skin more effectively.