Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) (EWG Rating: 1)
A form of Vitamin B3, it offers multiple benefits to the skin, including being effective in treating skin aging, dryness, acne, rosacea, uneven skin tone and skin cancer. Multiple clinical studies have shown improvement to fine lines and wrinkles, hyperpigmented spots, red blotchiness (rosacea), skin sallowness (yellowing) and elasticity. One study showed niacinamide to increase the skin's production of ceramides, which are natural emollients and skin protectants, therefore improving skin hydration. It has a clear role in the management of acne, by reducing sebum production. Most importantly, Niacinamide has been shown to reduce the risk of skin cancer by enhancing the repair of UV damaged DNA and reducing UV-induced immune suppression, a leading cause of skin cancer.

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (Vitamin C) (EWG Rating: 1) A stable water soluble form of Vitamin C. In different concentrations it may also act as an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial agent. It has also been suggested that this form of Vitamin C may help with skin lightening and brightening.

Ferulic Acid (EWG Rating: 2)
Extracted from Rice Bran Oil, in vivo testing has shown it to be highly effective as a topical antioxidant. Many plants contain Ferulic acid, which plays a key role in the plants self preservation mechanism, re-enforcing its cellular wall strength and protecting it from microbial damage and sun damage. Comparable to Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Ferulic Acid may help to prevent the propagation of the free radical chain. It stabilizes a solution of Vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of the skin.

Narcissus Tazetta Bulb Extract (EWG Rating: 1)
This plant extract is one of a family of molecules called dormins. These extracts have been shown to slow the proliferation of sebocytes, the cells that produce sebum, and may assist in reducing skin oiliness, shine while improving overall appearance.

Acetyl Octapeptide-3 (EWG Rating: 1)
Also known as SNAP-8, this peptide is said to reduce wrinkles formed from repetitive facial expressions, though there is currently no independent research supporting this claim. It has water-binding properties and theoretical cell-communicating ability. It may play a role in helping skin look and act younger and can help hydrate and smooth skin.

Bis (tripeptide-1) Copper Acetate (EWG Rating: 1) Peptides are active chains of amino acids that make up proteins. Proteins are essential to every organism and partake in nearly every process within cells. They help regulate bodily functions, reduce inflammation and provide antioxidant benefits. Certain topical peptides nourish the skin with a protein diet that strengthens and realigns the building blocks of the skin, allowing for a stronger, healthier foundation. Copper peptide GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex and since it has three amino acids it is called tripeptide. Several controlled studies have confirmed its anti-aging, firming and anti-wrinkle activity.

Phenyl t-Butylnitrone (EWG Rating: 1) An antioxidant that falls into the category called 'spin traps'. It catches the free radicals and stops them before they do any damage. This is different to other antioxidants that react with the free radicals and convert them into water after they have begun the damage.

Crithmum Maritimum Callus (Sea Fennel) Culture Filtrate (EWG Rating: 1) A marine-derived plant stem cell that may have skin brightening and cell renewal properties.

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-37 (EWG Rating: 1) A peptide with numerous benefits including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, stem cell generation and wound healing properties. Research also suggests that it may fight skin aging by boosting collagen and elastin production.